KRAS and Patent ductus arteriosus: The most common genetic alterations include activating mutations in KRAS in ~95% of PDA and inactivating mutations or deletions of TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 in 50–70% (Jones et al., 2008; Biankin et al., 2012; Ryan et al., 2014; Waddell et al., 2015; Witkiewicz et al., 2015).