By contrast, several lines of evidence indicate that activation of GLI transcription factors in the pancreatic epithelium is required for oncogenesis in PDA (Dennler et al., 2007; Ji et al., 2007; Nolan-Stevaux et al., 2009; Rajurkar et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012). The gene discussed is GLI1; the disease is Patent ductus arteriosus.