VEGFA and neoplasm: Factors such as CCL-2, CCL-5, CCL-17, CCL-22, CXCL-12, M-CSF, VEGF, and TGF-β synthesized by the tumor stroma aid in the recruitment of monocytes and subsets of T cells (Owen et al., 2003; Hiratsuka et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2008).