Binary regression analysis showed that only the natural logarithm of the serum NT-proBNP level was associated with BPD or death adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, birth weight z-score and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min (OR = 5.195, 95% CI = 2.667–10.117, P < 0.001). The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.