NPPB and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Steurer et al. (16) reported that high BNP levels were associated with poor clinical outcome in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), because lung hypoplasia and abnormal development of the pulmonary vascular bed in infants with CDH may impact the transition to postnatal circulation in CDH and cause pulmonary hypertension elevated serum BNP levels.