Early in IAV infection of DIO mice, the expression of IL-6, TNFα, and type I interferons (IFNs) is delayed and reduced compared to that in LN mice, and differential regulation of IL-2 and IL-12 is detected in lung homogenates, whereas later in infection there is increased inflammation in DIO mice as compared to LN mice later in infection (26, 55, 64). Here, TNF is linked to infection.