IL-35 stimulation promoted PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression in CD8+ T cells in both peripheral and liver-resident CD8+ T cells (paired t-tests, P < 0.05, Figures 3E,F) expect in peripheral bloods from HCC patients (paired t-tests, P = 0.299, Figure 3E). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.