Apart from influencing immune cells, MAPK pathway and BRAF blockade may also destruct the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment via inhibition of tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), downregulation of immunosuppressive factors such as chemokine CCL2, VEGF, IL-10, IL-6, MDSCs and Tregs, and upregulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (137). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.