Malnutrition, nutritional deprivation, and low-energy availability are thought to be one of the major causes of immunodeficiency where the most common immune defects are atrophy of lymphoid tissues (e.g., thymus), reduced maturation of T-lymphocytes, an imbalance in the ratio of CD4/CD8 T-lymphocytes, and predominant TH2 helper cell response (54–59), alterations that were consequently also suggested by the leukocyte transcriptome in our study (Figures 3, 5). Here, CD8A is linked to immune system disorder.