Glut1 overexpression enhanced glucose uptake and glycolysis in these macrophages, further to upregulation of other pro-inflammatory mediators such as CCL5 (also called RANTES), necessary for CD8+ T-cell activity against viral infections (Crawford et al., 2011) and granulocyte-colony-stimulation factor (G-CSF), which promotes neutrophil growth, downregulation of IL-17 production (Martins et al., 2010) and potentially expands central memory G-CSF receptor-expressing CD4+ IL-4+ Th2 cells in human blood (Malashchenko et al., 2018). Here, CSF3 is linked to viral infectious disease.