• Hypogonadism was more common in patients treated with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (37%) vs. those treated with orchiectomy alone (6%) (p < 0.01)• High LH levels were found in 11% of patients treated with radiotherapy and in 10% of those treated with chemotherapy (p < 0.01 vs. orchiectomy alone)• Compared to baseline, a fall in testosterone levels was observed in patients treated with chemotherapy. Here, PLOD1 is linked to hypogonadism.