When the Iba-1-positive cells were counted based on morphology, a significant increase in activated microglia was evident in the parietal cortex (62.6%; p < 0.0001), IGWM (57.7%; p < 0.0001), SCWM (40.0%; NG: 44.85 ± 4.64; IUGR: 75.14 ± 2.96; p = 0.0006) and PVWM (49.7%; NG: 48.88 ± 4.23; IUGR: 97.27 ± 2.46; p < 0.0001) of IUGR piglets compared to NGs (Figure 2). Here, AIF1 is linked to fetal growth restriction.