The well-documented propensity of beta-blockers to cause insulin resistance and impair glycemic control in patients with diabetes (Lithell, 1991) and the fact that physical exercise improves insulin sensitivity in spite of increased SNS activity (Motahari-Tabari et al., 2014; Fisher et al., 2015) attest to the complicated relation between ANS disturbances and metabolic disorders. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.