CXCL9 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Systemic lupus erythematosus mice had a 3 to 5-fold higher renal cortical mRNA expression of lymphocyte-specific CXC chemokines (CXCL9,10,13, and 16) and CXC receptors (CXCR3 and 4) that contribute to SLE pathophysiology (Figure 1).