KRAS and cancer: A well-recognised hallmark of cancer cells is a switch in metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect.33 We observed significantly enhanced transcription of glycolysis genes in HKe3-mtKRAS and HCT116 cells compared to HKe3-wtKRAS cells (Fig. 3a and Supplementary Fig. 4A), suggesting that in CRC cells, the expression of oncogenic KRAS is sufficient to drive this metabolic switch.