TGFB1 and asthma: However, naive HFD mice did not have increased mucus production by PAS staining, suggesting that the enhanced TGF-β1 production induced by the HFD or insulin resistance alone was not sufficient to induce goblet cell hyperplasia, but indicating the presence of the synergistic effects of TGF-β1 and Th2 cytokines or the proinflammatory milieu in asthma.