Men with lethal prostate cancer are more likely to have germline mutations in DNA repair genes33,34; however, the association of HDR gene defects with response to abiraterone and enzalutamide is conflicting.17,29,30 Approximately one third of patients had germline and/or somatic deleterious mutations in or CN loss of BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM before therapy, with some patients having more than one mutation (Figs 1C and 1D and Data Supplement). Here, BRCA1 is linked to prostate carcinoma.