In contrast, inappropriate amplification of PI3K-Akt signaling is present in many different types of cancer cells thereby driving cell growth and tumor progression (Cheng et al., 2005; Carracedo and Pandolfi, 2008; Liu et al., 2009; Fruman and Rommel, 2014; Thorpe et al., 2015; Fruman et al., 2017; Manning and Toker, 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and cancer.