Interestingly, only CD8+ T cell subsets isolated at 12 and 24 h post-Listeria infection (T.CD8+EFF, OT-I & LIS-12 and 24 h) showed a significant correlation (Figure 6 and Supplementary Table 2), suggesting that XCL1-producing CD8+ T cells have an immature early effector phenotype. Here, XCL1 is linked to listeriosis.