INS and Insulin resistance: Chronic INI in 3×Tg-HFD + INI mice was able to reduce the excess in brain GU seen in 3×Tg-HFD mice, and re-establish a normal acute response to insulin at 8 months of age (Figures 6B,C), although cerebral insulin resistance was present at 14 months (Figures 6E,F), consistent with raising blood glucose levels (Figures 1D, 6F).