In our mouse model with NAFLD, there was no sign of increased astrogliosis, but there was a higher brain expression of Tnfα. Since mRNA levels of the macrophage marker Cd68 and adhesion molecules Vcam and Icam1 were similar among groups, it is unlikely that macrophage infiltration across the blood brain barrier contributes to Tnfα overexpression, confirming that Tnfα overexpression in the brain may be related to n-3 PUFAs deficiency [54]. Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.