TLR3 and neoplasm: Interestingly, prior to this finding and contradictorily, Waterman et al. proposed MSC polarizing resulted from TLR signaling—TLR4 stimulation promoted a pro-inflammatory MSC1, which attenuated tumor growth; whereas TLR3 promoted immunosuppressive phenotype MSC2 to polarize and promote tumor growth and metastasis [104,105].