ALB and chronic kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function and/or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) over 30 mg/g Cr for more than 3 months by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD guideline 2012.1 It has been established that the presence of renal dysfunction is related to the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.2–4