TNF and infection: With the infection mouse model above, we found that EDL933(ΔTir + HA-Tir) induced lower Tnf, Il6, Il12b, and Il1b than EDL933ΔTir, which was nearly reversed by EDL933(ΔTir + Y490F, Y519F) in the colons (Figure 6a) and spleens (Supplemental Figure 7a).