PRKAA1 and cancer: It seems that AMPK signaling can act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the function of major transcription factors associated with tumorigenesis in several ways, e.g., (i) AMPK inhibits the AKT/mTOR-dependent cancer growth [184], (ii) AMPK inhibits the JAK-STAT signaling which enhances tumorigenesis [185], (iii) AMPK inhibits the NF-κB system linked to the inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis [90], and (iv) AMPK inhibits C/EBPβ signaling which affects metastasis [186].