Previous reports showed that APE1 expression is associated with the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including p53 and Caspase-3 in diabetic nephropathy8, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)9, and aged kidney10 models and that APE1 has a pro-fibrotic effect on proximal tubular epithelial cells in a redox-dependent manner9. The gene discussed is APEX1; the disease is Ureteral obstruction.