As an example, IL-32γ can inhibit colon cancer cell growth by targeting NF-κB and STAT3 pathways [30] while another isoform, IL-32β, stimulates the migration of breast cancer cells through VEGF-STAT3 [25], and is involved in the increase of glycolysis under hypoxic conditions which supports cancer cell growth [31]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and malignant colon neoplasm.