TGFB1 and thyroid cancer: In core signaling pathways of carcinogenic progression from early to late stage of thyroid cancer cells shown in Figure 2, identified gene expression signature consisting of two abnormal downregulated genes—GAS1 and TGFBR3—and five abnormal upregulated genes—VEGFC, CD164, PDCL3, TGFB1, and NKX2-5.