Conversely the following predictors of primary non-response to anti-TNF therapy have been reported: IBD patients with severe disease and high BMI [51,52], UC patients with low serum albumin and low haemoglobin at anti-TNF initiation [53,54] and CD patients with fibrostenotic disease [55], previous intestinal resection and a disease duration of more than 2 years [44,56]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.