TNF and infection: This study was underpowered to directly assess the effect of biologics on mortality but a systematic review on the risk of serious infection in paediatric IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy showed a similar risk in patients on anti-TNF therapy compared to the expected rate of serious infection with immunomodulator therapy in paediatric patients (333 per 10,000 PYF; SIR, 1.06; p = 0.65; 95% CI 0.83–1.36).