HSP90AA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90) is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone, as well as an important modulator of multiple innate and adaptive inflammatory processes.6, 7 The enhanced levels of HSP90 were detected in the serum of SLE patients and HSP90 deposition was found in glomeruli of some SLE patients.2 This suggests that HSP90 may contribute to the pathogenesis and development of SLE.