CXCL13 and tick-borne encephalitis: Similarly, studies of inflammatory mediators in patients with TBE demonstrate that TBEV infection is associated with a broad spectrum of cytokines and chemokines reflective of innate (IL-6, IL-8), T cell adaptive Th1 (IFNγ) and Th17 (IL-17F) responses, and B cell (CXCL13) responses.