Collectively, these studies showed that the levels of innate immune mediators, particularly neutrophil chemoattractants (IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2) and intrathecal expression of cytokines associated with Th17 responses (interleukin-17A, IL-17F, IL-22), in patients with TBE were higher compared to control groups [33]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and tick-borne encephalitis.