SMAD3 and Alzheimer disease: To identify the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory components of the common DEGs between IS and AD, we identified the significant TFs SPIB (targeting DEGs KRT78; DUSP16; PDE9A; KLHDC9), SMAD3 (targeting DEGs PDE9A), and SOX2 (targeting DEGs MAS1) (Table 2).