INS and diabetes mellitus: Currently, the different classes of orthodox drugs used to manage diabetes mellitus include insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas, inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, aldose reductase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, carbamoylmethyl benzoic acid and insulin-like growth factor, Selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and amylin analogues [8].