The efficacy of anti-IL-1β therapy was demonstrated in CAPS, where both the symptoms and severity of the disease were alleviated using either an IL-1β receptor antagonist or anti-IL-1β antibodies (Hoffman et al., 2008; Dinarello, 2009; Lachmann et al., 2009). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.