Recently, programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade has produced remarkably durable clinical responses in HNSCC, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 13.3%, median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2.0 months, and median overall survival (OS) of 7.5 months2. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.