SMAD3 and renal fibrosis: Transforming growth factorβ-1 (TGFβ-1),a profibrotic factor, has been shown to implicate in activation of renal fibroblasts and accumulation of ECM proteins [12].TGF-β1 signal activates Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation and subsequently forms a complex with Smad4 to modulate the transcription of target genes [13, 14].However,previous studies reported acetylation of Smad3 was involved in TGFβ1-dependent renal fibrosis [15].