NFKB1 and pulpitis: The findings indicate that 5-Aza-CdR significantly enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activates the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by eliciting a decline in the 5mc level in the TRAF6 promoter in hDPCs, suggesting that DNA methylation may play an important role in dental pulp inflammation.