Using self-assembled nanoparticles carrying zoledronic acid that have a high intratumor delivery of the drug by preventing the bone uptake, we contemporarily induced chemo- and immune-sensitization of resistant pleural malignant mesothelioma [35] and breast cancer [31] by reducing the activity of RAS/ERK1/2/HIF1α/Pgp and RAS/ERK1/2/STAT3/IDO axes. Here, IDO1 is linked to malignant pleural mesothelioma.