MAPK1 and neoplasm: The existence of multiple cross-talks determining chemo-immune-resistance—mostly regulated by cytokines, soluble factors, or surface receptors present either on tumor or immune cells—may open new possibilities of intervention based on recombinant soluble cytokine receptors, inhibitory small molecules, or monoclonal blocking antibodies that may have an additive effect to ERK inhibitors in disrupting the chemo-immune-resistance loops.