Thus, it will be important to further investigate SM supplementation not only at dosages between 0.1–1.2% (w/w) in conjunction with different levels of dietary cholesterol, but also in longer-term studies in apoE−/− mice and in different atherosclerosis animal models (e.g., LDL-receptor knockout mice, hyperlipidemic rabbits). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.