AR and melanoma: Early studies suggested that AR has oncogenic functions in melanoma and that differences in AR function or expression might explain the observed melanoma gender differences (de Vries et al., 2008; Joosse et al., 2011; Li et al., 2013b; Micheli et al., 2009; Morvillo et al., 1995, 2002; Spanogle et al., 2010).