Two of these discordantly regulated genes, fibronection (FN1) and integrin subunit beta-1 (ITGB1), regulate cell matrix adhesion (Gene Ontology [GO] enrichment analysis, GO category 0007161, p = 1.02 × 10−06, false discovery rate = 1.58 × 10−02), whereas another two of these genes, transmembrane protein 45A (TMEM45A) and Ras-related protein RAB31, have been implicated in cancer invasion and cell adhesion (Grismayer et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2015). Here, TMEM45A is linked to cancer.