Similar to lncRNAs in cis role, the major categories of target genes of lncRNAs in trans roles from IR vs. IC, IS vs. IC, and IR vs. IS groups mainly included olfactory transduction, transcriptional misregulation in cancer (IL-8, CD86, and MMP-3), osteoclast differentiation (TGFBR1, IL-1A, and TNFRSF11A), immune- and inflammation-related pathways (inflammation signaling-JUK and NLRP3; cytokine-CCL5 and IL-1; immune receptor- NOD1, TLR3, and IRAK3) (Table S8-2). The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is cancer.