TNF and renovascular hypertension: Chronic inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) attenuates both sympathoexcitation and ROS accumulation, and modulates expression of cytokines (decreasing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the RVLM during renovascular hypertension (Li et al., 2014).