REN and renovascular hypertension: Our findings are in agreement with Winklewski et al. (Winklewski et al., 2015) where authors documented that chronic inhibition of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) in the PVN of animals with renovascular hypertension triggered a reduction of sympathetic activity and ROS production, and modulated the expression of several cytokines in RVLM, such as TNF-α, showing the relation between the renin-angiotensin system and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in central regions.