IFNB1 and infection: As shown in Fig. 2D to F, infection of HFF cells with WT HSV-1, but not ΔUL46 HSV-1, significantly inhibited the accumulation of IFN-β, ISG54, and ISG56 mRNA induced by ISD, suggesting that HSV-1 UL46 inhibited the production of IFN-β induced by ISD.