IFNB1 and neoplasm: We first confirmed that RNA expression of multiple anti-tumor cytokines including IL-2, IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ, were induced in tumor infiltrating immune cells from PDACs in the transgenic KPC mice treated with Lm-ANXA2 compared to Empty Lm (Fig. 4), further supporting that Lm-ANXA2 can reprogram the TME in KPC mice and potentially make KPC mice more sensitive to the anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.