TNF and injury: Down-regulation IL-10, and up-regulation off TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β production in the BALF [35] as well as a significant up-regulation in the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12, and a down-regulation in the gene expression of IL-4 and IL-10 were observed in LPS-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro [36].