IFNG and viral infectious disease: In viral infections, in addition to various effector mechanisms, IFN-γ also induce antiviral enzymes such as protein kinase dsRNA-regulated (PKR), dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase, and guanylate-binding proteins as well as the enzymes involved in proapoptotic effects including PKR, death-associated proteins, FAS/FAS ligand, cathepsin D, and caspase 1 [120].