In intracellular infections, iNKT cells are characterized by release of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, chemokines, and rapid effector functions as in Salmonella, Ehrlichia, M. tuberculosis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and many viral infections [168]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and viral infectious disease.