The overexpression of heparanase in these pancreatic tumors also led to increased macrophage expression of IL-6, IL-10, C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and macrophage scavenger receptor-2 (MSR-2) (54) (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and pancreatic neoplasm.