TNF and synovial sarcoma: In particular, IL-1β, IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα upregulate expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on endothelium cells, thus reinforcing the important role of inflammatory molecules in recruiting and regulating the glandular infiltrate in SS patients (19).