HP and cancer: In contrast, Segal et al. (1996) reported, using the same cells but a different strain, that coccoid Hp was capable of binding and inducing cellular changes of the same sort as spiral Hp, including tyrosine phosphorylation of host proteins and that coccoid Hp induced a stronger cytoskeletal rearrangement than spiral Hp. Co-culture of a gastric non-cancer epithelial cell line with coccoid or helical forms of Hp revealed that helical Hp led to more severe inflammatory and apoptotic responses, while coccoid Hp maintained host cell in a high proliferation rate (Liu et al., 2006).