HP and chronic atrophic gastritis: These results were consistent with a gastric microbiome study in humans showing increased abundance of Lactobacillus in Hp-associated intestinal metaplasia and intestinal type of gastric cancer, compared with non-atrophic gastritis (Aviles-Jimenez et al., 2014) as well as the increased gastric Lactobacillus population in INS-GAS mouse model co-infected with Hp and limited commensals (Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus) that developed GIN (Lertpiriyapong et al., 2014).