TGFB1 and neoplasm: In contrast, the enhanced oncogenic effects of TGFβ1 signaling in PDAC are likely to be directed by numerous genetic or epigenetic events, including TGIF1 inactivation that might alter tumor cell survival and proliferative as well as metastatic processes, because TGIF1 can cause feedback regulation of TGF-β signaling to influence tumor cell proliferation and promote malignant transformation of the tumor microenvironment.