Many cytokines and chemokines are present in rheumatoid synovium [122] and/or in the plasma of RA patients [123,124,125], including pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IFNγ, GM-CSF, etc.), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1Rα, TGFβ, IL-11, IL-13, etc.), chemokines (e.g., IL-8, MIP-1α, MCP-1, RANTES, etc.)and growth factors (e.g., VEGF, PDGF, FGF). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.