HRAS and Costello syndrome: The proto-oncogene HRAS was also found altered in both cell lines that have the potential to cause a Costello syndrome or bladder, thyroid or salivary duct carcinoma [26] as well as HIP1 and SDHAF2 an early-stage prognostic biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma [27] and a hallmark of pheochromocytomas respectively [28].