That was the case for BRCA1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 loci that were found to be deregulated in triple-negative breast cancers [19] or von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor gene and PRCC that was linked to clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma respectively [20, 21]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and papillary renal cell carcinoma.